These charts were what helped me understand them the best:
Spatial Resolution: Spatial resolution is equated to the size of the pixel versus the amount of data collected. Depending on the speed of the imagery platform (satellite, airplane speed etc.) and the speed at which the images are collected, this can contribute to the spatial resolution. This is a good way to think about spatial resolution in terms of data collection.
Used from Penn State's Nature of Geographic Website
Spectral Resolution: Spectral resolution is measuring the wavelength that is reflected by the targeted object. For example, lower spectral resolution results in fewer large-width bands that fall at fewer increments and therefore more wavelengths are grouped into the band. Higher spectral resolution is a result of many small-width bands that fall at more increments are therefore each band contains fewer wavelengths (think.... more precision value-wise of the wavelengths captured).
Used from Penn State's Nature of Geographic Website
Radiometric Resolution: This was the hardest resolution conceptually for me to grasp. Radiometric resolution falls upon the same style of bands like Spectral resolution, however in this case they are called "levels". Lower radiometric resolution results in fewer far-spanning levels that fall at fewer increments and therefore more radiometric values are grouped into the level. Higher radiometric resolution is a result of many small-width levels that fall at more increments are therefore each level contains fewer radiometric values (think.... more precision value-wise of the radiometric values captured). Specifically, the radiometric values measure the amplitude of the reflected light waves, and are often referred to as measuring the intensity of the light source, or the energy levels. Bits are a binary method of explaining the precision of the resolution, in terms of possible levels that the DN values can fall within. For example, 8-bit resolution is equivalent of 2^18 available values, or 256 DNs being available to fall within for the levels.
Used from Penn State's Nature of Geographic Website
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